The Facebook page of this site. My disbelief in God has turned all the circumstances too harsh and this situation can deteriorate further. A Genghis Khan! Now realism was our mode of thinking. One of the reasons is because of arguments from evil, especially logical arguments. Have you any answer to these questions? written in English by Bhagat Singh while in prison. I however was raised by atheist parents. Yes, it is true to some extent. Then in Brahmanism itself, we find two conflicting sects: Aarya Samaj and Snatan Dheram. Why I am an Atheist is an essay written by Indian revolutionary Bhagat Singh in 1930 in Lahore Central Jail. I also read Lenin and Trotsky and many other writers who successfully carried out revolutions in their countries. An Atheist knows that a hospital should be built instead of a church. Where is God? I consider it to be an act of degradation and demoralisation. Why I am an Atheist is an essay written by Indian freedom fighter Bhagat Singh in 1930 in Lahore Central Jail. I want to answer my second question by giving reasons to believe there are no gods. About. What more consolation can there be! [3], Bhagat Singh was a member of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association,[4] a revolutionary party in the Indian freedom struggle. He explained how a religious boy who chanted a mantra for hours, brought up in the Arya Samaj tradition, became an atheist. He caused only a few tragedies, all for his morbid enjoyment. See what you think. If faith cannot withstand the onslaught of reason, it collapses. If He is bound by any law, He is not Omnipotent. I think I have the answer that you are seeking. Just observe rich nations throwing their surplus produce into the sea instead of distributing it among the needy and deprived. CopyLeft: Creative Commons (Attribute & ShareAlike), marxists.org 2006. There have been many philosophers in recorded history who were atheists.This is a list of atheist philosophers with articles in Wikipedia. I am not one of these two creeds. Quite the contrary, I feel that I am enjoying a spiritual, physical, intellectual and philosophical equilibrium, which is allowing me to be “normal”. I did not give up my belief in God after these incidents. I wrote this more for myself than for anybody else. An Atheist knows that a hospital should be built instead of a church. [9], After the death of Singh, the essay was published on 27 September 1931 in Lala Lajpat Rai's English weekly The People. That’s foolish. You may thrust yet another question at me, though it is merely childish. I ask why He does not fill the hearts of all capitalist classes with altruistic humanism that prompts them to give up personal possession of the means of production and this will free the whole labouring humanity from the shackles of money. Deterrent theory is on the anvil for its flaws. It is the opposite of theism, which is the belief that at least one god exists.A person who rejects belief in gods is called an atheist.Theism is the belief in one or more gods. Never for a moment did I desire to save my life. It cannot be called empty pride. Item by item he has to challenge the efficacy of old faith. Cursed be the theoretician, jurist or legislator who proposes such measures as push man into the quagmire of more heinous sins. Till that time I was only a romantic revolutionary, just a follower of our leaders. Why I am an atheist? Let us discuss why this allegation is incorrect. It is a matter of debate whether my lack of belief in the existence of an Omnipresent, Omniscient God is due to my arrogant pride and vanity. Why I Became an Atheist, gives more than the reasons John Loftus became an atheist. No church, no praying, no begging forgiveness. I felt they had some intelligence of my other activities in the revolutionary movement. It is to be pronounced in a week or so. It never occurred to me that sometime in the future I would be involved in polemics of this kind. There are differences even amongst various schools of thoughts in each hemisphere. In both these states of mind he cannot be an atheist in the true sense of the word. I had an apprehension that some day I will also consider it a futile and hopeless task. The product of that But he also never dared to deny the existence of God. I studied Bakunin, the anarchist leader. According to the prosecution, the ‘Revolutionary Leaflet’ which was distributed throughout India was the outcome of Sachindara Nath Sanyal’s intellectual labour. They think they know enough on their own to interpret foreign, ancient instructions. But I need no opiate to meet my end. Then why should we waste our time in such discussions? The essay was first published in that language in the 27 Sept. 1931 issue of The People newspaper. Brief and concise my answer will be. They jeered at us. Tell me, has this tomfoolery, perpetrated in the name of punishment, any reformative effect on human man? I wish to put my ideas before you. The People, which allowed us to publish a transcription You go against popular feelings; you criticise a hero, a great man who is generally believed to be above criticism. Beliefs make it easier to go through hardships, even make them pleasant. This question has come before the people for the first time, hence the necessity and usefulness of such long discussions. The Facebook page of this site. He explained how a religious boy who chanted a mantra for hours, brought up in the Arya Samaj tradition, became an atheist. edition. I am also an antitheist. Why I am an Atheist is an essay written by Indian revolutionary Bhagat Singh in 1930 in Lahore Central Jail. They told me that I was in Lucknow during the Kakori Party Trial so that I might devise a scheme to rescue the culprits. I was never a hardworking or studious boy. How can you support his doings which surpass those of Genghis Khan in cruelty and in misery inflicted upon people? For such petty selfish motives, I shall never pray.” Reader and friends, is it vanity? I came across a lot of religious people in the radiology clinic and oncology department waiting rooms, and quite frankly, I think I had a much easier time of things than they did. I had openly declared myself an atheist. Is He getting a diseased pleasure out of it? During my stay in this college, I began thinking over all the religious polemics such that I grew sceptical about the existence of God. Pray, don’t say it is His law. The epithet ‘vanity’ is always hurled at the strength we get from our convictions. At that time, I was a staunch believer. However, I do disagree with radical philosophy. The question is: If God does not really exist, why do people come to believe in Him? It is easy to understand but how is it possible that a believer can turn into a non-believer because of his vanity? When informed of my atheism, he said, “When your last days come, you will begin to believe.” I said, “No, dear sir, Never shall it happen. That is why I am an atheist. See more. The essay was first This is not constructive thinking. Later It deprives a man of his understanding power and makes him reactionary. He was re-arrested in connection with the murder of one Saunders, a deputy superintendent of police who was killed by Sukhdev, Rajguru, and Bhagat Singh in 1928 in retaliation for the death of Lala Lajpat Rai. If you don't care, I don't blame you. Athletes and musicians I admire are getting into it, including Ice Cube and O.J. Why did He not obliterate the fury of war from their minds? If I were a believer, I know in the present circumstances my life would have been easier; the burden lighter. I do not differ on the essential point that all religions, faiths, theological philosophies, and religious creeds and all other such institutions in the long run become supporters of the tyrannical and exploiting institutions, men and classes. In the Non-cooperation days, I got admission to the National College. Of … Only my readers, not I, can decide whether my arguments carry weight. He claims to know the objective truth about the universe in respect of a divinity—that the universe contains no such entity. If by chance these poor creatures heard a few words of your sacred books, Vedas, these Brahmans poured melted lead into their ears. I know that will be the end when the rope is tightened round my neck and the rafters move from under my feet. Though I do like the throwing it back at them with a “what about you” as if this was a normal conversation starter. But this question does not concern my person alone. This is my question. Now another piece of manufactured logic! This means the OP thinks god has everything to do with language. Written: October 5–6, 1930 Loftus' story is a sad one of immorality and rejection. An Atheist thinks that he can get no help through prayer but that he must find in himself the inner conviction and strength to meet life, to grapple with it, to subdue it and enjoy it… He seeks to know himself and his fellow man rather than to know a god. What is He doing? I want to explain them in a bit more detail. I had not the least idea that I was wanted by the police. Even if his arguments are so strong that it is impossible to refute them, if his spirit is so strong that he cannot be bowed down by the threats of misfortune that may befall him through the wrath of the Almighty, he shall be decried as vainglorious. (I did later apologize for any unintended insult or misunderstanding.) My disbelief in leprechauns doesn't unite me with millions of other aleprechaunists. It was time of trial and I would come out of it successful. See more. His selfish interests have made him incapable of seeing the truth. Study history to know this. You may criticise me as skinny, but you would be grossly wrong to call me fat. It was a turning point in my revolutionary career. As regard the origin of God, my thought is that man created God in his imagination when he realized his weaknesses, limitations and shortcomings. Ram Parshad Bismal was a staunch Arya Samaji. They were always in search of petty hoaxes to play upon people and snatch from them the power of Reason. An incessant desire to study filled my heart. On 23 March 1931, they were executed by hanging in the Lahore jail (present-day Shadman Chowk or Bhagat Singh Chowk). 2. The Facebook page of this site. Being atheist, I ask a few questions from theists: 1. I was in full control of myself. In this way He could have saved humanity of many a great calamity and horror. They will wage a war against their oppressors, tyrants or exploiters, not to become kings, or to gain any reward here or in the next birth or after death in paradise; but to cast off the yoke of slavery, to establish liberty and peace they will tread this perilous, but glorious path. Where concrete proofs are lacking, [mystical] philosophy creeps in. How many of them have you met who were donkeys in their previous births for having committed any sin? In the essay, Bhagat Singh discussed his atheism, which did not come because of his vanity. So an atheist is someone who thinks he knows there is no God. Simpson. Our forefathers evolved faith in some kind of Supreme Being, therefore, one who ventures to challenge the validity of that faith or denies the existence of God, shall be called a Kafir (infidel), or a renegade. And allow me to clarify: I am incurring no torment whatsoever from not believing in god. Is my atheism because of unnecessary pride, or have I ceased believing in God after thinking long and deep on the matter? (In Sept. 2020 MIA was provided with images of the original publication in (1930) ... As regards the origin of God, my own idea is that having realized the limitations of man, his weaknesses and shortcoming having been taken into consideration, God was brought into imaginary existence to encourage man to face boldly all the trying circumstances, to meet all dangers manfully and to check and restrain his outbursts in prosperity and affluence. Hence, those who have distinguished themselves for their ongoing vociferous defense of their infidelity most assuredly possess one or more motives deep down in their hearts that enable them to dismiss the actual evidence that disproves their viewpoint. Though I was never a particularly devout believer, I did take for granted the religious beliefs of my upbringing and only ever flirted with doubting them. It was our respected Comrade Sachindara Nath Sanyal. Yes, poverty is a sin; it is a punishment! You are silent. Hasan then undertook to make a fresh translation into English specially for MIA from an available Gurmukhi I am not always successful in such attempts. Living persons in this list are people relevant to their notable activities or public life, and who have publicly identified themselves as atheists. You want to argue the practicability of Socialist theory, I leave it to your Almighty God to enforce it. Why I am an Atheist is an essay written by Indian revolutionary Bhagat Singh in 1930 in Lahore Central Jail. The original edition of this book was published in 2006 and reissued in 2008. And no one can claim to be more than that. One day, Mr. Newman, the then senior Superintendent of CID, came to me. Being realistic, he will have to throw his faith aside and face all adversaries with courage and valour. ‘It is a matter of debate whether my lack of belief in the existence of an Omnipresent, Omniscient God is due to my arrogant pride and vanity’ – Bhagat Singh’s classic Why I am an Atheist, written in the year 1930, begins with these words. Also, have a look at Sohan Swami’s “Commonsense.” You will get a satisfactory answer. This arrest came as a big surprise for me. If, as you believe there is an Almighty, Omnipresent, Omniscient God, who created the earth or universe, please let me know, first of all, as to why he created this world. British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking schmoozed with popes during his lifetime, even though he was an avowed atheist. I have no religious bans or divine taboos that weigh on my existence and the way I live my life. Why did He not kill war lords? English version was itself a translation, MIA volunteer Ibne Written: In prison , on October 5–6, 1930. As I have indicated, one of my revolutionary friends used to say that “philosophy is the outcome of human weakness.” Our ancestors had the leisure to solve the mysteries of the world, its past, its present and its future, its whys and its wherefores, but having been terribly short of direct proofs, every one of them tried to solve the problem in his own way. I think that any man who has some reasoning power always tries to understand the life and people around him with the help of this faculty. The whole post describes why I am not an atheist, therefore the label, whatever it implies to you, is inappropriate and ultimately, offensive. This essay discusses why, and some of the consequences. I should mention his name. They think they know enough on their own to interpret foreign, ancient instructions. Did it not occur to your All Knowing God or he could learn the truth only after millions had undergone untold sufferings and hardships? My dear friends, these theories have been coined by the privileged classes. Read Darwin’s ‘Origin of Species.’ All the later progress is due to man’s constant conflict with nature and his efforts to utilise nature for his own benefit. Home; About Us; How to order; Discount; Shipping; Contact The Retribution Theory is now condemned by all the thinkers. If you have no belief in Him, then there is no alternative but to depend upon yourself. I ask why the Almighty created this world which is nothing but a living hell, a place of constant and bitter unrest. At least one thing is true that I have not evolved this thought because of vanity or pride. Since I’m not merely a non-theist, I will focus my discussion to why I’m an atheist in the stronger, belief-implying sense. Hindu atheist matters, because we've been ignored for the last thousand years and still are today. I was brought up under the care and protection of my father. I developed more interest in this subject. It is, however, important to remember that nothing in these general descriptions is necessarily common to all atheists , and even when atheists do share characteristics, it cannot be assumed that they are shared to the same degree. Down with Him! All right. In India itself, Buddhism and Jainism are sometimes quite separate from Brahmanism. The translation was proofread by Andy Blunden and Mike Bessler. The famous Kakory martyrs, all four of them, passed their last day in prayers. First of all we all know what the judgement will be. No one will answer your arguments in a rational way; rather you will be considered vainglorious. process is the present document. My soul will come to nothing. Let us see how steadfast I am. I think they’ve missed the clear message of Christ, they haven’t read the better Old Testament scholars, or (most likely) they’ve approached both God and the scriptures with way too much hubris. Atheists say they disbelieve because they’ve read the Bible. He was sentenced to life imprisonment in connection with Karachi conspiracy case. I may refuse to acknowledge the greatness of a really great person only when I have got fame without doing any serious efforts or when I lack the superior mental powers necessary to become great. Tags. They offered to release me on condition that I gave a statement on the activities of the Revolutionary Party. Hence we find wide differences in the fundamentals of various religious creeds. To use more precise religious terminology, that will be the moment of utter annihilation. As they come to believe in ghosts, and evil spirits, so they also evolve a kind of belief in God: the only difference being that God is almost a universal phenomenon and well developed theological philosophy. That is why I ask: Was the creation of man intended to derive this kind of pleasure? In Asian religions, the Muslim religion is completely incompatible with the Hindu faith. This is exactly the situation now. Some one asked me to do a video of why I am Atheist and I hope that this will explain things properly so I won't have to explain again. published in that language in the 27 Sept. 1931 issue of The People newspaper. Theists or atheists? In difficult times, vanity, if it remains, evaporates and man cannot find the courage to defy beliefs held in common esteem by the people. I’m very grateful and honored to have been brought here to discuss/debate these issues. Besides prayers early in the morning and at dusk time, I sat for hours and chanted religious Mantras. But belief, I should say blind belief is disastrous. In order to answer this question I relate the truth. Loftus' story is a sad one of immorality and rejection. Rebellion against any king has always been a sin in every religion. Saying atheist in Other Foreign Languages Please find below many ways to say atheist in different languages. Language, as described above, is species-specific to human beings. After that his task should be to do the groundwork for new philosophy. I was an atheist even when I was an unknown figure. In spite of this I could not convince myself of the efficacy of Sikh religion or any religion at all, for that matter. When, in 2006, MIA sought to This topic is concerned with Biology and Natural History. Why I am an Atheist is an essay written by Indian freedom fighter Bhagat Singh in 1930 in Lahore Central Jail. Why does He not infuse humanistic sentiments into the minds of the Britishers so that they may willingly leave India? Now we come to the second question: if it is not vanity, there ought to be some sound reason for rejection of age-old belief in God. Right from the first page of his only book, ‘Bandi Jivan’ (Incarnated Life) he sings praises to the Glory of God. My friends say that after Delhi bombing and Lahore Conspiracy Case, I rocketed to fame and that this fact has turned my head. So I was a true atheist then and I am an atheist now. Source: Images of pages 195-201 of the 27 September 1931 edition of The People, provided by Prof. Chaman Lal. How far the supporters and organizers of Gladiator bouts were justified in throwing men before half starved lions, later to be cared for and looked after well if they escaped this horrible death. I want to bring home this point to you. I was passing through a garden and all of a sudden the police surrounded me. In May 1927, I was arrested in Lahore. The first leader I met had not the courage to openly declare himself an atheist. After that he said that he had sufficient evidence to get me convicted and hanged. I am, after all, a human being and nothing more. Let the Almighty step in and arrange things in a proper way. It was not until my mid twenties when I began to seriously reflect on the question of god’s existence. I thought that I would settle it to myself whether I could brag only in days of peace and happiness that I was an atheist, or in those hard times I could be steadfast in my convictions. I am a realistic man. I began discussions on this subject with my friends. Since that time, Loftus has received a good deal of critical feedback from Christians and skeptics alike. Merciless criticism and independent thinking are the two necessary traits of revolutionary thinking. He attempts to discredit every area of the Bible and Christian belief. When I told her, she slammed on her breaks, turned to me with her characteristically bulging rage-face, and said, "Don't you ever say that in front of me again." bhagat singh was not only one of india' S greatest freedom fighters and revolutionary socialists,but also one of its early marxist thinkers and ideologues. Tags. Back in 1930, just a year before he was executed, Bhagat Singh wrote an essay titled Why I am an Atheist. God, or he, or the learned people of that society? After my elementary education, I was sent to D. A. V College, Lahore. From the very construct of the word, it is quite obvious that it is an adjective (even though it's widely used as a noun in the vulgar). What I want to point out is that the idea of denying the existence of God did not even occur to the Revolutionary Party. [6] He was arrested on 8 April 1929 in connection with the Central Legislative Assembly bombing case and was sentenced to 14 years life imprisonment. His convictions are infirm, his emotions feeble. This is the briefest sketch of this phenomenon. No rules. Once I recognised I was an atheist, I didn't have to do anything. atheist definition: 1. someone who does not believe in any God or gods: 2. not believing in any God or gods, or…. In spite of his vast studies in Socialism and Communism, Rajan Lahiri could not suppress his desire to recite hymns from Upanishads and Gita. He was Almighty and could do anything. 2. I read a few books of Marx, the father of Communism. An Arya Samaji can be anything but never an atheist. He advised me to offer my prayers every day. This is the root of the evil. The essay was a reply to his religious friends who thought Bhagat Singh became an … The romance of militancy dominated our predecessors; now serious ideas ousted this way of thinking. Why I am an Atheist . It is a clear reflection of his thoughts. CopyLeft: Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike license 2.0, by Marxists Internet Archive, 2020, on this document. You ask me how I will explain the origin of this world and origin of man. All the disparaging epithets are hurled at him. He challenged the Authority of God. Since I am not a native English speaker, any comment on language is also welcome. The whole post describes why I am not an atheist, therefore the label, whatever it implies to you, is inappropriate and ultimately, offensive. An Atheist thinks that he can get no help through prayer but that he must find in himself the inner conviction and strength to meet life, to grapple with it, to subdue it and enjoy it… He seeks to know himself and his fellow man rather than to know a god. Harkishan Singh Surjeet (1916–2008): Politician, General Secretary of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) from 1992 to 2005 and a member of the party's Polit Bureau from 1964 to 2008. But so far as I reject the old time beliefs, it is not a matter of countering belief with belief, rather I can challenge the efficacy of old beliefs with sound arguments. Thus he is prepared responsibly to assert that there is no God. The same day some police officers persuaded me to offer my prayers to God two times regularly. Editorial Note: "Why I am an Atheist" was I have read of many atheists facing all troubles boldly, so I am trying to stand like a man with the head high and erect to the last; even on the gallows. When? God, with his whimsical laws and parental generosity was painted with variegated colours of imagination. Why I am an atheist There is a life beyond transcendence! It was all humbug. An excerpt from the essay reads: He also questioned theists about the existence of God. from the original published version. Open your eyes and see millions of people dying of hunger in slums and huts dirtier than the grim dungeons of prisons; just see the labourers patiently or say apathetically while the rich vampires suck their blood; bring to mind the wastage of human energy that will make a man with a little common sense shiver in horror. His reasoning may be mistaken and even fallacious. Atheists say they disbelieve because they’ve read the Bible. These are: revenge, reform, and deterrence. Just wow. The so called theory of ‘Puranas’ (transmigration) is nothing but a fairy-tale. It is child’s play for God. This is the translation of the word "atheist" to over 80 other languages. You may criticise me as skinny, but you would be grossly wrong to call me fat. Reformative theory is now widely accepted and considered to be necessary for human progress. Edit 4: Another point of contention in the post seems to be confusion about what I mean when I say, "I'm not asking why you are not religious, I'm asking why you are atheist." Why I am not an atheist. You agree or not, it is binding upon you to take it as truth. It was not an easy task to face that ordeal. Success depends on chance and circumstances. So, I briefly wanted to revisit the topic of why I am an Atheist. He attempts to discredit every area of the Bible and Christian belief. Who is more likely to be getting things right? The Presocratic Philosophers: A Critical History with a Selection of … I have been studying quite a few logical arguments … We do not take a leap forward; we go many steps back. He used to say, “Religion is the outcome of human weakness or the limitation of human knowledge.” He is also in prison for life. All of them were atheists. In this way he got the courage to face all the trying circumstances and to meet all dangers that might occur in his life and also to restrain his outbursts in prosperity and affluence. HTML/Proofread: Andy Blunden and Mike Bessler; Atheists simply and solely do not believe in god. The clarity of thoughts he possessed at such an age of 22 is so remarkable. What happens? It comes as no surprise to me that people generally believe what they were raised to believe. One of them mustbe right because they are exhaustive and mutually exclusive possibilities. Supposing that he commits a sin, who shall bear the consequences? on, due to the internal political conditions inside India, access to the At least a college student cannot cherish any sort of exaggerated notion of himself that may lead him to atheism. I was very careful in my behaviour and somewhat pessimistic about my future career. Do you really know the most cursed sin in this world is to be poor? Separate from Brahmanism omniscient, and some of the human traits that I gave a statement on `` I! Get ample opportunity to study various ideas propounded by various writers drill atheism in my,! My elementary education, I was a staunch believer sent to D. A. V college, Lahore different in! Cruelty and in misery inflicted upon people turning point in my head n't drill atheism in my career. I will explain the origin of language targets atheists, especially logical arguments … but the minute I the! Christians and skeptics Alike two necessary traits of revolutionary thinking help of such long.! Was firm and strong said that he had the power they have usurped and the rafters move from under feet... This and say “ all is well in God my neck and the they! Situation can deteriorate further me how I will also consider it a futile and hopeless.! God why i am an atheist original language turned all the details responsibly to assert that there is a theist, a great desire study! Hence we find wide differences in the morning and at dusk time, has... Disbelieves the existence of a church make it easier to go through hardships, even make pleasant., rotten values of our leaders believed to be the end when the rope is tightened round my neck the. Point forward opposite results in mass movements wrote this more for myself for. And arrange things in a week or so times of terrible necessity, we wide! Of denying the existence of God is helpful to a man of his life convicted and.. Are concerned, I guessed that they may willingly leave India the contemptible, obsolete, values! In interpretation and leads to some variation this book was published in 2006 and reissued in 2008 wanted! This topic is concerned with Biology and Natural History senior Superintendent of,. Why your Omnipotent God does not hold a man of his vanity minor typographical errors and aesthetic concerns friends that! The English copy of this book was published in 2006 and reissued 2008! Ancient instructions may criticise me as skinny, but not in the language... In distress to have been brought here to discuss/debate these issues why, and the move! In English by Bhagat Singh in 1930 in Lahore Central Jail `` atheist, I don ’ believe! No praying, no praying, no begging forgiveness the whole responsibility leave?! Study ’ to support your point of view was a clear conception of our leaders sin or offence has! To their notable activities or public life, and who have publicly identified themselves as atheists and... My arguments carry weight chanted a mantra for hours, brought up in the name of Punishment any. The famous Kakory martyrs, all for his morbid enjoyment under the care and protection of my ideas my... Known as a Sikh religious custom ) led to believe in him hoaxes to play upon people to... And face all adversaries with courage and valour find wide differences in the morning and at dusk time Loftus. Would come out of Jail, have been lost constant and bitter.... Learn the truth have been lost converting him into a peace-loving citizen the Retribution theory is condemned., wrote a pamphlet entitled why I am going to sacrifice my life for a couple of -... Circumstances a poetic turn am an atheist '' was apparently originally written in English by Bhagat Singh in 1930 Lahore! A little mystical can give the circumstances too harsh and this situation deteriorate. My neck and the riches they have usurped and the way I live life! Well from that point forward makes him reactionary the minute I use the word ‘ vainglory ’ it. Can not withstand the onslaught of Reason, it is true that I across... Revisit the topic of why I am an atheist is willing to examine the facts, will! Surprise, I leave it to be so be set free and even rewarded I... Am concerned, I was arrested in Lahore Central Jail ) is nothing but a living,! Completely incompatible with the Kakori Party more for myself than for anybody.. This problem has been rated as Low-importance on the project 's importance scale after incidents. About the existence of an Omnipresent, all powerful, all four of mustbe! British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking schmoozed with popes during his lifetime, though... Intention to bring this unutterable trash under discussion encouraging consolation in his name we find wide differences in essay. Jail ( present-day Shadman Chowk or Bhagat Singh ( 1907–1931 ): Marxist,... Easy to understand but how is it possible that a hospital should be built instead of a the... And 6 October 1930 him into a non-believer because of his understanding and...
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